Obesity and Fertility: The Importance of Maintaining a Healthy BMI

Obesity is a significant health issue that not only contributes to cardiovascular diseases but also poses risks to fertility and can lead to complications during pregnancy. Medical experts warn that a high BMI negatively impacts reproductive health and has been shown to lower the chances of both natural and assisted conception. Adopting a healthier lifestyle and losing weight can be beneficial.

BMI as an Indicator of Reproductive Health

Statistics indicate that up to 68% of women and 72% of men in the Czech Republic are overweight or obese. While the link between obesity and cardiovascular disease is well-known, its effect on fertility is less widely recognized. With one in five couples in the Czech Republic facing difficulties conceiving, raising awareness among people of reproductive age is crucial.

Dr. Hana Višňová, M.D., Ph.D., head of the IVF clinic CUBE, emphasizes this point: "Scientific evidence shows that obesity in women reduces egg quality and increases the risk of hormonal imbalances. Women with a BMI over 30 have up to a 300% higher likelihood of ovulation disorders." Consequently, many overweight patients turn to assisted reproduction clinics for help.

Obesity Complicates IVF Therapy

According to Dr. Hana Višňová, obesity reduces the chances of both natural and artificial conception: "Overweight patients respond more poorly to hormonal stimulation during IVF therapy, which leads to higher medication costs, lower follicle production, and fewer retrieved oocytes." Some studies also report lower fertilization success rates and poorer embryo quality. Therefore, even a successful embryo transfer in obese patients does not guarantee that their dream of starting a family will come true.

"Obesity also increases the risk of various pregnancy complications, including high blood pressure, premature births, and cesarean deliveries," warns Dr. Višňová. Additionally, the chances of conception are reduced if the patient's partner is significantly overweight. "In men, obesity negatively affects sperm quality," she adds.

Fertility Increases with Weight Loss

The good news for overweight infertile patients is that they can influence their fertility to some extent. "We recommend that obese patients reduce their weight at least six months before trying to conceive. The ideal approach is a long-term, sustainable lifestyle modification, which includes a balanced diet combined with plenty of exercise. In some cases, medication can also support weight adjustment," explains Dr. Hana Višňová. She adds that weight reduction through lifestyle changes can restore the menstrual cycle and ovulation in women, while also improving psychological well-being. This can increase the likelihood of conception even without IVF therapy.

"I recommend that such lifestyle modifications be carried out under the guidance of a specialist, such as a nutritional therapist, psychologist, or fertility consultant, all of whom are available at our clinic," concludes Dr. Višňová.